One Nation, One Election (Source PIB)

Historical Background

The concept of simultaneous elections is not a new idea in India. Following the adoption of the Constitution, elections to the Lok Sabha and all State Legislative Assemblies were conducted simultaneously from 1951 to 1967. The first general elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies were held together in 1951-52, a practice that continued for three subsequent general elections in 1957, 1962, and 1967.

However, this cycle of synchronised elections was disrupted in 1968 and 1969 due to the premature dissolution of some State Legislative Assemblies.

Present Scenario

High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections

The High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections, headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind, was constituted by the Government of India on 2nd September 2023. Its primary objective was to explore the feasibility of conducting simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. The committee solicited extensive public and political feedback, and consulted with experts to analyse the potential benefits and challenges associated with this proposed electoral reform. This report presents a detailed overview of the committee’s findings, its recommendations for constitutional amendments, and the anticipated impact of simultaneous elections on governance, resources, and public sentiment.

Key Takeaways:

1. Public Response: The Committee received over 21,500 responses, with 80% in favour of simultaneous elections. The responses came from all corners of the country, including Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, Nagaland, Dadra, and Nagar Haveli. The highest responses were received from Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh.
2. Responses from Political Parties: 47 political parties submitted their views. Of these, 32 parties supported simultaneous elections, citing benefits like resource optimization and social harmony. 15 parties raised concerns about potential anti-democratic effects and marginalization of regional parties.
3. Expert Consultations: The Committee consulted Former Chief Justices of India, Former Election Commissioners, and legal experts. A majority supported the concept of simultaneous elections, emphasizing the waste of resources and socio-economic disruptions caused by frequent elections.
4. Economic Impact: Business organizations like CII, FICCI, and ASSOCHAM supported the proposal, highlighting the positive impact on economic stability by reducing disruptions and costs associated with election cycles.
5. Legal and Constitutional Analysis: The Committee proposed amendments to Articles 82A and 324A of the Indian Constitution to enable simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha, State Assemblies, and local bodies.
6. Phased Approach to Implementation: The Committee recommended implementing simultaneous elections in two phases:
7. Phase 1: Synchronizing Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies elections.
8. Phase 2: Synchronizing elections for Municipalities and Panchayats with Lok Sabha and State Legislative elections within 100 days.

7. Electoral Roll and EPIC Harmonization: The Committee highlighted inefficiencies in electoral roll preparation by State Election Commissions and recommended creating a Single Electoral Roll and Single EPIC for all three tiers of government. This would reduce duplication and errors, safeguarding voter rights.
8. Public Sentiment on Frequent Elections: Public responses indicated significant concern about the negative impacts of frequent elections, such as voter fatigue and governance disruptions, which are expected to be mitigated by simultaneous elections.

Rationale for Simultaneous Elections

The points below are based on the findings of the report issued by the High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections, headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind:

 1) Promotes Consistency in Governance.

2) Prevents Policy Paralysis.

3) Mitigates Resource Diversion.

4) Preserves Regional Party Relevance.

5) Enhances Political Opportunities.

6) Focus on Governance.

7) Reduced Financial Burden.

Conclusion

The High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections, led by former President Ram Nath Kovind, has laid the groundwork for a transformative shift in India’s electoral process. By aligning the election cycles of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, the committee’s recommendations promise to address long-standing challenges associated with frequent elections, such as governance disruptions and resource wastage. The proposed phased approach to implementing simultaneous elections, along with constitutional amendments, could pave the way for a more efficient and stable electoral environment in India. With widespread public and political support, the concept of simultaneous elections stands poised to streamline India’s democratic processes and bolster the efficiency of governance.

Multiple choice questions:

Q.1) When were the first simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies held in India?

(a) 1947-48

(b) 1951-52

(c) 1968-69

(d) 1977-78

Q.2) Who headed the High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections constituted in 2023?

(a) Amit Shah

(b) Ram Nath Kovind

(c) Narendra Modi

(d) Sushil Chandra

Q.3) Which constitutional articles did the committee propose to amend for enabling simultaneous elections?

(a) Article 370 and Article 35A

(b) Article 356 and Article 365

(c) Article 82A and Article 324A

(d) Article 123 and Article 124

Answers:

Ans.1(b), The first general elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies were held together in 1951-52

Ans.1(b), The High-Level Committee on Simultaneous Elections was headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind.

Ans.3(c), The committee proposed amendments to Articles 82A and 324A of the Indian Constitution to enable simultaneous elections.